Knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B amongst students of Pamo University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Background: Globally, 296 million people were infected by hepatitis B in 2019, with 1.1 million deaths. Africa is one of the endemic regions. Good knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B remain pivotal to the biosafety of medical students. This study sought to determine the levels of knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among students of Pamo University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and the predicting factors associated with this knowledge and awareness. The is with the aim of providing recommendations for improving and sustaining biosafety levels for medical and other health-related students of the University. Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted amongst 528 randomly selected medical students of PUMS, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were interviewer-administered to collect socio-demographic information and participants' responses to questions on knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 and relationships of socio-demographic characteristics and predictive factors with knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B were tested using binary logistic regression analysis with p value for statistical significance set at <0.05. Results: A total of 528 students participated in the study, 202 (38.3%) males and 326 (61.7%) females. Most participants (296, 56.1%) were between 15-19 years of age with mean age of 19 ±2.43 years. The mean (±SD) of participants responses with good knowledge of hepatitis B was 249±121.5 while for good awareness, it was 181±88.3. The percentage average for good knowledge and good awareness was 47.2% and 34.2% respectively, with positive correlation between knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B (r=0.720, p<0.0001). Age was significantly associated with participants percentage average knowledge (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.84, p<0.0001) and awareness of hepatitis B (OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.78-0.90, p=0.004). No other factor was significantly associated with knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B except Ijaw tribe (OR=0.4, 95%CI 0.24-0.66, p=0.034) and attendance of Federal Government College (OR=0.4, 95% CI 0.24-0.68, p=0.046). Conclusion: The percentage average good knowledge of 47.2% and awareness of 34.2% for hepatitis B in this study are low, although most participants in the study were between the ages of 15-19 years and in their first and second year of study. This gives room for improvement in knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B with progression in age and year of training. Good knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B are central to the biosafety of medical students. It is recommended that the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN) review the current medical school curriculum to increase the teaching of medical and health-related students that will impact more on knowledge and awareness of infectious diseases and infection prevention and control.

Awareness, availment, and satisfaction on various health services among residents of a rural community in Samar, Philippines: A mixed methods study

Objectives@#This study sought to investigate citizens' awareness, availment, satisfaction, and perceived need for action with health services offered by a rural municipality in Samar, Philippines.@*Methods@#This study utilized an explanatory-sequential research design, involving 150 participants selected through the Kish Grid Method via a multi-stage sampling approach within the community. The Citizen Satisfaction Index System was employed to assess the levels of awareness, utilization, and satisfaction with health services in the municipality.@*Results@#Among the assessed health services, the cohort had low awareness and low availment on services for communicable diseases, basic dental/oral hygiene, and reproductive health. While high awareness was observed for childbirth services, there was low availment on these. The participants showed high awareness and availment for only two services namely, free general consultation and the free medicine program. While high satisfaction was seen among all services that were assessed, the participants also expressed a high perceived need for action to improve their delivery. @*Conclusion@#This study presents a comprehensive view of rural healthcare in Samar, Philippines. Despite high satisfaction rates, gaps persist in the citizen’s awareness and availment due to accessibility, costs, fear, misinformation, and cultural differences. The findings of this study can guide policymakers in identifying gaps in healthcare in rural areas.

Effect of various educational methods on increasing parents' awareness of their children's preventive orthodontic treatments

Aim: Like other fields of health, the main focus in dentistry has shifted from treatment to prevention of diseases. Parents have a vital role in deciding about their children's oral health issues. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of four educational methods (including printed pamphlets, digital pamphlets, faceto-face education, and educational films) in increasing the awareness of parents about preventive orthodontic treatments. Methods: The study samples were selected from patients who were referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Department. 150 parents of children between 4-12 years old participated in the study. They filled out a questionnaire including demographic data and knowledge about orthodontic problems and their early treatments. Then they were divided into five groups (control, printed pamphlet, digital pamphlet, face-to-face, educational films) and after one month they repeated the test. Results: A total of 102 fathers and 48 mothers were evaluated. There was no statistical difference between different ages, sex, or income in terms of their awareness, but the awareness score between educational groups was different. There has been observed a significant increase in the awareness level of all four groups (except the control group) (P < 0.05). The highest score was seen in the video group. The difference between printed pamphlets and digital pamphlets was not significant. Conclusions: The results indicate that educational films are the most effective way of increasing awareness about preventive orthodontic treatments

La odontología verde / Green dentistry

El propósito del presente trabajo está orientado a generar una reflexión entre el gremio odontológico profesional y los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en Odontología respecto a la contaminación global que estamos generando y a la crítica situación del planeta, así como sus consecuencias ambientales y climatológicas, sobre lo importante que es educar bajo la perspectiva de una Odontología Verde y Sostenible a través de la ambientalización curricular en las escuelas y facultades de Odontología para generar un tipo de cultura y conciencia proambiental. De igual forma para señalar lo sencillo que es ambientalizar agradable y relajantemente nuestro entorno educativo y laboral, así como realizar algunas prácticas odontológicas ecológicas y ambientales en la práctica privada que cuestan poco o nada y que, por el contrario, el gran efecto positivo que éstas tendrán en el medio ambiente y la reducción de los niveles de contaminación actuales. Si realmente logramos generar una nueva cultura y conciencia que se preocupe por el medio ambiente en el campo de la Odontología, los resultados para todos se verán reflejados en un mejor ambiente social, educativo de trabajo y de salud (AU)

The purpose of this work is aimed at generating a reflection between the professional dental guild and the students of the Bachelor's Degrees in Dentistry regarding the global pollution that we are generating and the critical situation of the planet and its environmental and climatological consequences, on how important it is educate under the perspective of a Green and Sustainable Dentistry through the greening of the curriculum in the Schools and Faculties of Dentistry to generate a type of culture and pro-environmental awareness. Likewise, point out how simple it is to pleasantly and relaxingly green our educational and work environment, as well as perform some ecological and environment, as well perform some ecological and environment, dental practices in private practice that cost little or nothing and that, on the contrary, the great positive effect that these will have on the environment and the reduction of current pollution levels. If we truly manage to generate a new culture and awareness that cares about the environment in the field of Dentistry, the results for all will be reflected in a better social, educational, work and health environment (AU)

Feminicídio seguido de suicídio: a organização da mídia na prestação de serviço para evitar casos das violências correlacionadas / Femicide followed by suicide: the organization of the media in providing service in order to prevent cases of the correlated violence / Feminicidio seguido de suicidio: la organización de los medios de comunicación en la prestación de servicios para evitar casos de las violencias correlacionadas

O presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar as reportagens jornalísticas que noticiam casos de feminicídio seguido de suicídio, e analisar qual o papel da mídia na conscientização do público sobre as violências correlacionadas. Com muitos estigmas, o tema ainda é pouco abordado pelo jornalismo de forma esclarecedora e em formato de prestação de serviço, uma vez que ambos os assuntos ainda são tabus para a sociedade. Dessa forma, este estudo se propõe a ampliar o debate, a partir dos autores Durkheim, Blázquez e Christofoletti. A pesquisa também é pautada com dois manuais para jornalistas, o da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), sobre como falar do suicídio; e o da plataforma Universa UOL, sobre como abordar o feminicídio. Ao longo do trabalho, percebe-se que o jornalismo precisa refletir sobre seu papel na prevenção de casos como esses e a respeito de como exercê-lo

This article aims to study the journalistic reports that report cases of femicide followed by suicide, and to analyze the role of the media in raising the public awareness of correlated violence. With many stigmas, the subject is still little addressed by journalism in an enlightening way and in order to provide service, since both subjects are still taboo subjects for society. Thus, this study proposes to broaden the debate, based on the authors Durkheim, Blázquez and Christofoletti. The research is also guided by two manuals for journalists: that elaborated by the World Health Organization (WHO), on how to talk about suicide; and that presented by the Universa UOL platform, on how to approach femicide. Throughout the work, it is clear that journalism needs to reflect on its role in preventing cases like these and how to exercise it

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar los reportajes periodísticos que divulgan casos de feminicidio seguido de suicidio, y analizar el papel de los medios de comunicación en la sensibilización de la población sobre la violencia correlacionada. Con muchos estigmas, el tema es aún poco abordado por el periodismo de manera esclarecedora y con el fin de prestar un servicio, ya que los dos temas siguen siendo tabúes para la sociedad. Así, este estudio propone ampliar el debate, apoyándose en los autores Durkheim, Blázquez y Christofoletti. La investigación también se guía por dos manuales para periodistas: el elaborado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), sobre cómo hablar sobre el suicidio; y el presentado en la plataforma Universa UOL, sobre cómo abordar el feminicidio. A lo largo del trabajo, queda claro que el periodismo necesita reflexionar sobre su papel en la prevención de casos como estos y sobre cómo ejercerlo

Situational analysis of syphilis cases taking place between 2015 and 2021 in the state of Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil / Análise situacional da sífilis entre os anos de 2015 e 2021 no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that represents a severe public health problem worldwide and in Brazil it has not been different. The national compulsory notifications regarding syphilis cases are significantly increasing, and therefore, this fact alone justifies the study of such a relevant subject. Objective: This work presents a situational analysis of syphilis cases in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, between 2015 and 2021, aiming primarily at assisting public healthcare authorities in decision-making processes to cope with the disease. Concomitantly, this research aims to build knowledge as well as to provide awareness to the population. Methods: This study analyzed data from compulsory notifications reports from 2015 to 2021, available in the database of the Brazilian Unified Health System's Informatics Department, in the Brazilian Information System of Notifiable Diseases and in the Brazilian Health Surveillance Secretariat. Results: In the state, 70% of patients with syphilis are aged 15 to 39 years. The rate of patients affected with acquired syphilis that have low education is 48%, and for pregnant women, this value rises to 77%. The declared mixed-race patients represent 48% of notifications for acquired syphilis, and for mixed-race pregnant women, this value increases to 60%. In congenital syphilis, 98% of compulsory notifications occurred for children aged up to 7 days of birth. Conclusion: Syphilis in Rio Grande do Norte is a public health problem that mainly affects the vulnerable population, predominantly the groups at risk with low education, mixed race, and young-adult people, being of paramount importance to combat the disease through population awareness, as well as through constant and adequate compulsory notification.

Introdução: A sífilis é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível que representa um grave problema de saúde pública para o mundo, bem como para o Brasil. As notificações compulsórias nacionais de casos de sífilis estão crescendo significativamente, portanto esse fato por si só justifica o estudo centrado nesta temática de primordial importância. Objetivo: Este trabalho apresenta uma análise situacional da sífilis entre os anos de 2015 e 2021 no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, visando principalmente auxiliar as autoridades públicas de saúde nos processos decisórios em resposta à sífilis, mas também construir conhecimento e embasar a conscientização da população. Métodos: Foram analisados dados das notificações de 2015 a 2021 disponíveis na base de dados do Sistema Único de Saúde, no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e na Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Resultados: No estado, mais de 70% dos pacientes afetados por sífilis têm entre 15 e 39 anos de idade. A taxa de pacientes com baixa escolaridade e que foram notificados com sífilis adquirida é de 48% e, para as gestantes, esse valor sobe para 77%. Pacientes declarados pardos representam 48% das notificações para sífilis adquirida e, para gestantes pardas, esse valor amplia-se para 60%. Na sífilis congênita, 98% das notificações ocorreram para crianças com idade de até sete dias de nascidos. Conclusão: A sífilis no Rio Grande do Norte é um problema de saúde pública que atinge principalmente a população vulnerável, com predominância dos grupos de baixa escolaridade, raça parda e jovens adultos, sendo de suma importância o combate à doença por meio da conscientização da população, como também a constante e adequada notificação compulsória.

Gender-based violence in a rural Nigerian community during the COVID-19 era: a call for policy action

Introduction: gender-based violence (GBV) is a global pandemic which is deeply rooted in culture, hence the need to contextually understand its occurrence and patterns in rural settings. The objective of this study assessed respondents´ attitude, prevalence, the perceived risk factors, patterns and predictors of GBV in Ife-Odan, Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: cross-sectional study design was used and multi-stage sampling method employed to recruit 450 consenting adults. A pretested interviewer-administered, semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. Results: mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 30.73±7.0, 58.7% of them were females and 88.0% had negative attitude to GBV. Prevalence of any form of GBV was 16.2%. Predominant GBV types included intimate partner violence (IPV) (58.3%), female genital mutilation (FGM) (31.1%), Sexual violence (6.9%) and incest (3.4%). Perceived risk factors of GBV included cultural acceptance, substance abuse, lack of punishments for GBV offenders, indecent female dressing styles, social media influences, effects of COVID-19 lockdown and male dominance. However, gender (AOR=7.82; 95%CI=2.35-8.17), marital status (AOR=3.23;95%CI=1.82-3.78), religion (AOR=5.02;95%CI=1.78-9.63) and attitude (AOR=4.23; 95%CI=2.267-5.82) were the significant predictors of past GBV experiences in the study setting. Conclusion: gender-based violence (GBV) is prevalent in the study setting, with IPV being the most common. There is need for policymakers to focus on cultural transformation by designing a robust awareness campaign against GBV in rural Nigerian communities. Traditional and religious leaders should be sensitized and involved in the campaign programs using all available channels of communication. Laws prohibiting perpetration of GBV need to be fully implemented.

Perception and willingness to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among household-heads in a rural community of South-Western Nigeria

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic and its vaccine have been met with varying perceptions that may have both negative and positive effects on the willingness to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine. The study is set to determine the perception and willingness of the household heads to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in a rural community in Southwestern, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 409 household heads selected through a multistage sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaireusing the Health Belief model constructs. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21.0 and Pearson's Chi-square test was used to determine the association between perception and willingness to uptake vaccine. P<0.05 was taken as significant at 95% confidence interval.Results:The majority of the unvaccinated respondents in the study were not willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (60.1%). There was a poor perception of the susceptibility/severity of unvaccinated respondents to COVID-19 infection and a poor perception of the benefit/barrier to the uptake of the COVID-19vaccine. Perception of susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection were statistically related to the willingness to uptake the COVID-19vaccine.Conclusion:There should be an increase in awareness campaigns to change the perception of people positively to COVID-19 infection and uptake of the COVID-19vaccine.

Awareness of and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection among female sex workers in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective preventive measures against HIV infection but its success is strongly based on adherence, which in turn depends on willingness to use. This study is aimed at assessing the level of awareness and willingness to use PrEP to prevent HIV infection among female sex workers (FSWs) in Anambra State, Nigeria, and to identify factors that influence willingness to use PrEP. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional survey involving 265 brothel-based FSWs recruited through snowballing technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information on demographic characteristics, awareness of HIV/AIDS and transmission route, attitudes/behavior related to HIV/AIDS, and awareness of and willingness to use PrEP. Univariate and bivariate analyses with Chi square test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) was used to determine association of socio-demographic and predictive factors with willingness to use PrEP. Statistical significance was considered when p value was less than 0.05. Results: Of 265 FSW respondents, only 81 (31.2%) have heard of PrEP, 10 (3.9%) indicated they have previously used PrEP while 91.0% indicated willingness to use PrEP. Univariate analysis showed that FSWs in Onitsha had a significantly higher odds (OR=28.6, 95% CI=1.718-476.82, p=0.0006) while those from Awka had a significantly lower odds (OR=0.184, 95% CI=0.0704-0.1812, p=0.0004) of willingness to use PrEP. Also, FSWs with monthly income less than 18,000 Naira had a lower odd of willingness to use PrEP (OR=0.3980, 95% CI=0.1593-0.9945, p=0.08). Bivariate analysis shows that FSWs who wish to have more knowledge of HIV/AIDS had higher odd of willingness to use PrEP than those who did not wish to have more knowledge (OR=4.235, 95% CI=1.577­11.374, p=0.0066). Similarly, FSWs who are worried of being discriminated against have a lower odd of willingness to use PrEP than those who are not worried of being discriminated against (OR=0.3921, 95% CI=0.1582-0.9718, p=0.0439). Conclusion: Our study showed low awareness but high willingness to use PrEP among FSWs in Anambra State,Nigeria. Cost, HIV/AIDS knowledge and fear of discrimination are significant predicting factors of willingness to use HIV PrEP and should be considered when formulating PrEP policy. Adequate enlightenment on PrEP should be emphasized among FSWs.

Knowledge, acceptability and utilization of epidural analgesia in antenatal clinic attendees at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital (UTH), Osogbo, Osun State

Labour pain is perceived as the most harrowing and agonizing event of a woman's life. Efforts at reducing the pain and making the event less stressful have predated modern obstetric practice. Epidural analgesia has provided effective pain relief in labour for over three decades. Delivery with epidural analgesia is routine for willing parturients in the developing world, however ignorance, cost as well as lack of qualified personnel has made this to be out of reach of the average Nigerian mother. The aim of this study was to assess level of awareness, acceptability, previous utilization and willingness to utilize epidural analgesia in labour following health education.Subjects/Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the antenatal clinic of UTH, Osogbo. Health education on events of labour and methods of analgesia available was provided to all antenatal clinic attendees between September 2021and March 2022, following which a semi­structured purpose designed, and self- administered questionnaire was administered to 415 of these women who consented to participate in this study. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32.57± 4.42 years and mean parity of 1.73± 0.96. 70.8% reported that labour pain was severe. 41.7% were aware of epidural analgesia before the health talk. 3.6% of our subjects had utilized epidural in their last confinement. However, only 47.7% expressed a wish to utilize epidural analgesia in labour. Conclusion: Awareness of epidural analgesia in study population was passable at 40% however willingness to utilize it was less than average despite health talk and reassurance by their attending obstetric team.

Assessment of Knowledge Among the Physicians Regarding Dental Screening Prior to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the physicians' knowledge regarding the referral for dental screening prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using simple random sampling among 468 physicians from various specialties with diverse experience levels from different regions in Saudi Arabia. A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed among the physicians, which consisted of questions assessing the physicians' knowledge about oral health and complications in patients prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Statistical analysis was done after the data was collected employing SPSS, and p<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Residents were more as expected (39.3%), followed by specialists (2.31%). The majority had a practice experience for more than five years (67.8%).The scores for the knowledge assessment showed that 51.3%, nearly half of the participants, had lower scores. The scores were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: General physicians and specialists should be aware of the dental complications and associated diseases in patients with malignancies and those undergoing chemo and radiotherapy. It is proposed that more awareness should be raised among physicians to rectify this lapse.

The Impact of Cultural Factors, The Level of Health Education Received by the Caregivers, and Stigma on Asthma Treatment among Children in Southern Jordan

Abstract For asthma treatment in children, caregivers need good knowledge and attitudes regarding the disease and its treatment. This study aimed to determine the impact of cultural factors, the level of health education provided to patients and their families, as well as the impact of stigmatization on the treatment awareness of children with asthma in southern Jordan. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of ninety-seven caregivers selected from three hospitals in southern Jordan. Open ended questions were answered after demonstrating the inhaler technique in and evaluated according to the instructions of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP, 2013). The result revealed moderate knowledge of asthma with a mean score of (22.36/32), as well as moderate knowledge of asthma treatment (24.26/40). A high mean was found for the impact of cultural and environmental factors (22.93/28), whereas low impact was found for stigma with a mean value of (4.73/12). Therefore, to improve future asthma management, additional efforts are required to educate caregivers and improve their asthma awareness and rectify any falsehoods regarding asthma medications by health care providers.

Reações de mães de meninos vítimas de violência sexual diante da revelação / Reacciones de madres de niños víctimas de violencia sexual frente a revelación / Mother's reactions towards their sons' disclosure of sexual violence victimization

RESUMO Os estudos existentes acerca da revelação da violência sexual são, em sua maioria, baseados em casos de meninas. À vista disso, objetivou-se conhecer as reações protetivas e não protetivas de mães e pais diante da revelação de meninos vítimas de violência sexual. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, por meio de entrevistas, com nove mães. Em seguida, efetuou-se a análise temática dos dados, que resultou em seis temas: momento da revelação; confiança e desconfiança; acolhimento; busca de ajuda; emoções; e proteção. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados indicam que as mães apresentaram, no geral, reações protetivas diante da revelação, evidentes em todos os temas identificados. A partir do momento da revelação, as mães confiaram nos seus filhos e buscaram acolhê-los por meio de uma escuta atenta, também, cabe dizer, algumas entraram em estado de paralisia e entristecimento. Esse acolhimento foi seguido de busca de informações e de atendimento especializado. A proteção ocorreu, ainda, por meio do afastamento dos agressores e monitoramento da rotina dos filhos. Nesse sentido, é fundamental que haja investimento em ações de conscientização sobre os serviços disponíveis para que cuidadores possam proteger crianças e adolescentes em risco. Além disso, são necessárias intervenções que visem auxiliá-los no manejo de seus sentimentos diante da revelação, bem como em relação às consequências da violência para crianças e adolescentes.

RESUMEN. Los estudios existentes sobre divulgación de violencia sexual se basan principalmente en casos de niñas. El objetivo era conocer las reacciones protectoras y no protectoras de madres y padres ante la revelación de niños que son víctimas de violencia sexual. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, a través de entrevistas con nueve madres. Se llevó a cabo un análisis temático de datos, que resultó en seis temas: momento de revelación, confianza y desconfianza, acogida, búsqueda de ayuda, emociones y protección. Los resultados indican que las madres mostraron reacciones protectoras a la revelación, evidente en todos los temas. Desde el momento de la revelación, las madres confiaron en sus hijos y trataron de recibirlos escuchando atentamente, algunos de los cuales entraron en un estado de parálisis y tristeza. Siguió la búsqueda de información y asistencia especializada. La protección también se produjo mediante la eliminación de agresores y el monitoreo de la rutina de los niños. Es necesario invertir en acciones de concientización sobre los servicios disponibles. Además, se necesitan intervenciones para ayudarlos a manejar sus sentimientos ante la divulgación.

ABSTRACT. Studies on the disclosure of sexual violence are majorly based on cases involving girls. The objective was to investigate protective and non-protective reactions of mothers and fathers of boys towards the disclosure of sexual violence victimization. In this qualitative research, we interviewed nine mothers and analyzed the data using thematic analysis, which resulted in six themes: moment of disclosure, trust and distrust, welcoming, help seeking, emotions, and protection. Altogether, results showed that mothers, in general, presented protective reactions towards the disclosure, which was evident in all identified themes. After disclosure, mothers trusted their sons and sought to protect them by attentive listening, although some of them entered a state of paralysis and sadness. This welcoming of their sons' disclosure was followed by seeking information and specialized treatment. Protection was also identified by withdrawing from aggressors and monitoring the boys' routines. Thus, it is necessary to invest in actions to raise awareness of the available services so that caretakers can protect children and adolescents at risk. In addition, interventions are required to assist them to manage their feelings towards disclosure, as well as the consequences of violence for children and adolescents.

A survey on brazilian dentists' awareness, perception, and knowledge of bisphosphonates

Aim: The purpose of the study was to analyze the knowledge of dentists in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, about bisphosphonates and their clinical implications. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted with a convenience sample of dentists in Belo Horizonte, in a period of 8 weeks. The questionnaire was self-applied and was structured with 10 items about the dentists' demographic characteristics, professional profile, and knowledge about bisphosphonates. Associations in the data were analyzed by with the Fischer's exact test with a significance level of 5%. Results: Of the 214 participating dentists, 163 (76.17%) were women, and 51 (23.83%) were men, with age ranged for 21 to 73 years (mean of 30 years) and mean of 6 years of professional activity. Nearly half (106/49.53%) reported having knowledge about bisphosphonates, and undergraduate courses were the primary source of such information (73/34.11%). Osteoporosis was the most identified indication for use (75/35.04%), although no participants correctly identified all indications. Regarding the drugs' side effects, only three dentists (1.40%) could correctly identify all responses, with bone necrosis being recognized by the majority (88/41.12%). Sodium alendronate (54/25.23%) and sodium ibandronate (15/7.01%) were the most identified examples of bisphosphonates. Last, only nine dentists (4.20%) could identify all examples of the drugs, and their capacity was associated with self-reported knowledge (p<0.05). Conclusions: More information about bisphosphonates should be disseminated in Belo Horizonte, ideally via better approaches in local undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Until then, knowledge of the basic aspects of bisphosphonates will remain limited

Relationship of awareness, knowledge, attitude and skills in telemedicine among resident physicians in a tertiary government hospital in Las Piñas City: A cross sectional study

Background@#During the COVID-19 pandemic, the advent of telemedicine was significantly utilized in providing continuous healthcare. Various studies showed that it is an effective way of health care delivery in any specialty cases such as in Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medicine and Surgery. Recently, there’s an increase in utilization of the Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude & Skills (AKAS) Surveys in health care research but there’s paucity of data regarding its use in telemedicine. @*Objective@#The main objective of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitude and skills regarding telemedicine and correlate it to the various demographics among the resident physicians. @*Methods@#This is an analytical cross-sectional study utilizing an adopted, validated and self-administered questionnaire. A total of 37 resident physicians from different specialties were included in the study. @*Results@#This study showed that the resident physicians have high awareness, knowledge and attitude but with average skills regarding telemedicine. This study also found out that there is a significant association between their awareness and year level, knowledge and computer & internet skills, attitude and residency specialty & formal training regarding telemedicine, skills and computer & internet skills and time of exposure to telemedicine. Lastly, there’s an association between the total AKAS scores and time of exposure to telemedicine. All of which have moderate degrees of association. @*Conclusions@#Telemedicine, although novel, is very important specially this time of pandemic. After knowing that there’s significant association between the AKAS scores of resident physicians, the conduct of telemedicine should be guided by these especially in terms of policy making. It is recommended to have formal skills training in conducting telemedicine to all the resident physicians. It is also recommended to have a better internet connection and updated computer specifications in line with the current guidelines to be able to effectively deliver health care through telemedicine.

Licentîa hypomnema: reflections and perceptions in teacher education / Licentîa hypomnema: reflexões e percepções na formação de educadoras(es) / Licentîa hypomnema: reflexiones y percepciones en la formación del profesorado

Student protagonism is paramount in the knowledge construction process. In this paper, we discuss a didactic-pedagogical resource called licentîa hypomnema (LH), inspired in portfolios and learning diaries in which student-teachers record their understandings and reflections regarding pedagogical topics learned at University in a meta-learning process on learning about teaching. The initial context of the research was a Psychological Development and Teaching course, offered in the Teacher Education program at Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Two of the authors, then Literacy and Languages Teaching students, produced their LH and peer assessed each other during the course. In their annotations, the student-authors recorded two pedagogical situations related to the use of LH in their own teaching practices, causing an impact on their formative path. These materials consist of the data for analysis and discussion. Moreover, we discuss possible uses of reflexive writing in teacher education and other learning contexts. Producing a LH supports knowledge production and allows students to connect theory and practice, which consequently influences the student's teaching practice. Since LH is a didactic-pedagogical resource and not a close-ended tool, both the context and individuals who use it should be considered.(AU)

O protagonismo de estudantes tem grande importância no processo de construção do conhecimento. Neste artigo, discutimos um recurso didático-pedagógico chamado licentîa hypomnema (LH), inspirado em portfólios e diários de aprendizagem, isto é, estudantes de licenciatura escrevem suas compreensões e reflexões acerca de assuntos pedagógicos vistos na universidade em um processo de meta-aprendizagem sobre aprender a ensinar. O contexto inicial da pesquisa foi um curso de Desenvolvimento Psicológico e Ensino, ministrado em cursos de Licenciatura da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Duas das autoras eram estudantes do curso de Letras, elas produziram seus LH, realizando avaliação por pares entre si durante o curso. As estudantes-autoras trouxeram em seus registros duas situações pedagógicas relacionadas ao uso desse recurso em suas próprias práticas de ensino que causaram um impacto em suas trajetórias formativas. São esses relatos que compõem os dados para análise e discussão. Além disso, procuramos discutir possíveis desdobramentos para o uso do recurso da escrita reflexiva na formação docente e em outros contextos de aprendizagem. A produção do LH fornece suporte para a produção de conhecimento e permite ao aluno conectar teoria e prática, o que, consequentemente, reverbera na prática de ensino do aluno. O LH é um recurso didático-pedagógico e não uma ferramenta fechada, portanto, tanto o contexto quanto as pessoas que o utilizam devem ser considerados.(AU)

El protagonismo de los estudiantes tiene gran importancia en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. En este trabajo, discutimos un recurso didáctico-pedagógico llamado licentîa hypomnema (LH), que se inspira en diarios de aprendizaje, es decir, estudiantes de profesorado escriben sus comprensiones y reflexiones sobre temas pedagógicos aprendidos en la universidad, produciendo un proceso de meta-aprendizaje sobre aprender a enseñar. El contexto inicial de la investigación fue un curso de Desarrollo Psicológico y Enseñanza, impartido en el programa de Formación de Profesores de la Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Dos de las autoras eran alumnas de la carrera de Letras que produjeron sus LH y realizaron una evaluación por pares mutua durante el curso. Las estudiantes autoras plantearon en su LH dos situaciones pedagógicas relacionadas con el uso de este recurso en sus propias prácticas de enseñanza, causando un impacto en su trayectoria formativa. Estos materiales constituyen los datos para el análisis y la discusión en esta investigación. Buscamos discutir posibles desdoblamientos para el uso del recurso de la escritura reflexiva en la formación docente y en otros contextos de aprendizaje. La producción de este recurso da soporte a la producción de conocimiento y permite al estudiante conectar teoría y práctica, lo que consecuentemente repercute en su práctica docente. El LH es un recurso didáctico-pedagógico y no una herramienta cerrada, por lo tanto, se debe considerar tanto el contexto como las personas que lo utilizan.(AU)

Awareness of the diagnosis, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus in Brazil / Conhecimento do diagnóstico, tratamento e controle do diabetes mellitus no Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportions of awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Brazilian adult population. METHOD This is a cross-sectional study, with data from a representative sample of the Brazilian population, taken from the National Health Survey(PNS 2014/2015). Outcomes were defined based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements, self-reported DM diagnosis, and use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin. The proportion of DM awareness, treatment, and control was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and access to health services, and their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS DM prevalence in the Brazilian population was of 8.6% (95%CI: 7.8-9.3): 68.2% (95%CI: 63.9-72.3) were aware of their diagnosis, 92.2% (95%CI: 88.6-94.7) of those who were aware were undergoing drug treatments, and, of these, 35.8% (95%CI: 30.5-41.6) had controlled HbA1c levels. The proportions of DM awareness, control, and treatment were lower in men aged 18 to 39 years, individuals with low education, without health insurance, and beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família program. CONCLUSION Approximately one in ten Brazilians has DM. A little more than half of this population is aware of their diagnosis, a condition measured by HbA1c dosage and clinical diagnosis. Among those who know, the vast majority are undergoing drug treatments. However, less than half of these have their HbA1c levels controlled. Worse scenarios were found in subgroups with high social vulnerability.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar as proporções dos indivíduos que têm conhecimento do diagnóstico, tratamento e controle do diabetes mellitus (DM) na população adulta brasileira. MÉTODO Este é um estudo transversal, com dados de amostra representativa da população brasileira, provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS 2014/2015). Os desfechos foram definidos com base na medida de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), no diagnóstico autorreferido de DM e no uso de hipoglicemiantes ou de insulina. Estimou-se a proporção do conhecimento, tratamento e controle do DM de acordo com as características sociodemográficas, condição de saúde e de acesso aos serviços de saúde, e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS A prevalência de DM na população brasileira foi 8,6% (IC95% 7,8-9,3), 68,2% (IC95% 63,9-72,3) tinham conhecimento do seu diagnóstico, 92,2% (IC95% 88,6-94,7) dos que tinham conhecimento realizam tratamento medicamentoso, e desses, 35,8% (IC95% 30,5-41,6) tinham os níveis de HbA1c controlados. As proporções de conhecimento, controle e tratamento foram menores nos homens, com idade de 18 a 39 anos, indivíduos que possuem baixa escolaridade, sem plano de saúde e beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família. CONCLUSÃO Aproximadamente um em cada dez brasileiros apresenta DM. Um pouco mais da metade desta população tem conhecimento do seu diagnóstico, condição aferida por dosagem de HbA1c e diagnóstico clínico. Entre os que sabem, a grande maioria está sob tratamento medicamentoso. Porém, menos da metade destes tem seus níveis de HbA1c controlados. Cenários piores foram encontrados em subgrupos com alta vulnerabilidade social.

"Terra é vida, despejo é morte": saúde e luta Kaiowá e Guarani / "Territory is life, eviction is death": Kaiowá and Guarani health and fight / "Tierra es vida, desalojo es muerte": salud y lucha Kaiowá y Guaraní

Partindo da psicologia, este texto compõe nosso exercício ético-político de assumir a perspectiva dos povos e de suas organizações, neste caso em específico, da Aty Guasu, movimento étnico-social dos Kaiowá e Guarani de Mato Grosso do Sul. A colonização e expropriação violenta dos territórios tradicionais destes povos, o tekoha guasu, culminou na limitação do modo originário de ser, segundo os princípios cosmológicos, desdobrando-se na precarização da saúde, visível pelos altos índices de desnutrição, suicídio, violência e mortalidade. Com este estudo, visamos descrever e analisar aspectos da dimensão saúde para os Kaiowá e Guarani a partir de suas próprias narrativas. Como estratégia metodológica, realizamos a análise documental de todos os comunicados, em formato de notas, publicados entre 2011 e 2013 no blog do movimento na internet. Também participamos, de 2015 a 2020, de momentos importantes para as comunidades, como as Grandes Assembleias Kaiowá e Guarani, com registros em diário de campo. Esses procedimentos, articulados às produções teóricas da antropologia, psicologia da libertação, estudos decoloniais e anticoloniais, possibilitaram o entendimento da indissociabilidade da saúde indígena dos processos de colonização territorial e intersubjetiva. Nesse sentido, a saúde dos Kaiowá e Guarani, tendo o tekoha como aspecto vital, segundo a cosmopolítica, encontra-se em profundo conflito devido à expropriação, expulsão e confinamento empreendido pelas políticas colonialistas. Portanto, propomos a compreensão do tekoha como indicador da saúde Kaiowá e Guarani e os movimentos de reocupação dos territórios, protagonizados pela organização autônoma das comunidades e sintetizados pela sentença: "terra é vida", como retomada da saúde.(AU)

From the psychology, this text makes up our ethical-political exercise of regarding the perspective of the peoples and their organizations, in this specific case, Aty Guasu, ethnic-social movement of the Kaiowá and Guarani of Mato Grosso do Sul. Colonization and violent expropriation of the traditional territories of these peoples, the tekoha guasu, resulted in limiting the original way of being, according to cosmological principles, unfolding in the precariousness of health, visible from the high rates of malnutrition, suicide, violence, and mortality. With this research, we aim to describe and analyze aspects about the health dimension for the Kaiowá and Guarani from their own narratives. As a methodological strategy, we carry out the Document Analysis of all communications, in the form of notes, published between 2011 and 2013 on the organization's blog on the internet. We also participated, from 2015 to 2020, of important moments for the communities, such as the Highs Assemblies Kaiowá and Guarani, with records in a field diary. These proceedings, articulated with the theoretical productions of anthropology, liberation psychology, decolonial and anticolonial studies, made it possible to understand the inseparability of indigenous health from the processes of territorial and intersubjective colonization. In this sense, the health of the Kaiowá and Guarani, taking the tekoha as a vital aspect, according to cosmopolitics, is in deep conflict due to the expropriation, expulsion, and confinement undertaken by colonialist policies. Therefore, we propose the understanding of the tekoha as an indicator of Kaiowá and Guarani health, and the movements of reoccupation of territories, led by the autonomous organization of communities and synthesized by the sentence: "land is life," as a recovery of health.(AU)

Este texto realiza un ejercicio ético-político desde el aporte de la Psicología al asumir la perspectiva de los pueblos y sus organizaciones, en este caso, de la Aty Guasu, un movimiento étnico y social de los Kaiowá y Guaraní. La colonización y expropiación violenta de los territorios tradicionales de estos pueblos, los tekoa guasu, culminó en la limitación de los modos originarios de ser según los principios cosmopolíticos, que tienen como resultado la precarización de la salud, visibles por los altos índices de desnutrición, suicidio, violencia y mortalidad. En este estudio se busca tejer aproximaciones acerca la dimensión salud para los Kaiowá y Guaraní a partir de sus proprias narrativas. La metodología utilizada realizó un Análisis Documental de todos los anuncios en formato de "notas", publicados en los años 2011 y 2013, en el blog del movimiento en la internet. También hubo participación, de 2015 a 2020, en momentos importantes para las comunidades, tales como en las Gran Asambleas Kaiowá y Guaraní, con registro en diario de campo. Estos procedimientos articulados a las producciones de la Antropología, Psicología de la Liberación, Estudios Decoloniales y Anticoloniales permiten comprender la condición indisociable de la salud indígena en los procesos de colonización territorial e intersubjetiva. En este sentido, la salud de los Kaiowá y Guaraní, por el tekoha ser aspecto vital según la cosmovisión de estos pueblos, se encuentra en profundo conflicto debido a la expropiación, expulsión y confinamiento practicado por las políticas colonialistas. Por lo tanto, comprender el tekoha como indicador de la salud Kaiowá y Guaraní, y los movimientos de reocupación de los territorios, protagonizado por la autonomía de las comunidades, como recuperación de la salud, sintetiza en la sentencia: "tierra es vida".(AU)

Violência por parceiro íntimo entre homens que se relacionam com homens / Intimate partner violence among men who relate with men / Violencia de pareja íntima entre hombres que tienen relaciones con hombres

A violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) consiste em atos que ameacem causar ou efetivamente causem danos em um parceiro dentro de uma relação afetivo-sexual, independente da configuração ou tempo do relacionamento ou de haver coabitação ou não entre as partes. Nas relações homossexuais, a VPI é invisibilizada de diversas maneiras, mesmo sendo reconhecida como uma grave violação de direitos humanos. O estudo objetivou compreender os significados da VPI para um grupo de homens que se relacionam com homens (HRH). Participaram da pesquisa oito HRH, selecionados através da técnica "bola de neve", utilizada devido à sensibilidade do tema, considerando os estigmas de ser HRH. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevista semiestruturada e foram analisados pela Análise Temática. Como resultados, foram construídas seis categorias: 1º) O armário; 2º) Homofobia 3º) Racismo, poder e vulnerabilidade a VPI; 4º) Sexualidade; 5º) Infidelidade; 6º) HIV, que discutem a interseccionalidade de diversas formas de opressão na produção de VPI entre HRH. Conclui-se que a VPI vivenciada por esse grupo é influenciada por diversos fatores que envolvem a interseccionalidade de vários marcadores sociais, como os estereótipos de masculinidade em relação a hipersexualização e infidelidade, a homofobia como fator direto do estresse minoritário, o racismo que hierarquiza os corpos e invisibiliza o afeto de homens negros, e o estigma de HIV no imaginário social.(AU)

Intimate partner violence (IPV) consists of acts that threaten to harm or actually harm to a partner within an affective-sexual relationship, regardless of the configuration or duration of the relationship or whether or not there is cohabitation between the parties. In homosexual relationships, IPV is made invisible in several ways, even though it is recognized as a serious violation of human rights. The study aimed to understand the meanings of IPV for a group of men in same sex relationships (MSSR). Eight MSSR participated in the research, selected by snowball sampling, used due to the topic's sensitivity, considering the stigmas involved in being MSSR. Data were constructed via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. As a result, six categories were constructed: 1) The closet persons; 2) Homophobia; 3) Racism, power, and vulnerability to IPV; 4) Sexuality; 5) Infidelity; 6) HIV, which discuss the intersectionality of various forms of oppression in the production of IPV among MSSR. Thus, the IPV experienced by this group is influenced by several factors that involve the intersectionality between different social markers, such as stereotypes of masculinity in relation to hypersexualization and infidelity, homophobia as a direct factor of minority stress, the racism that hierarchizes bodies and makes the affection of Black men and the stigma of HIV invisible in the social imaginary.(AU)

La violencia de pareja (VP) consiste en actos que amenazan con causar o de hecho causan daño a una pareja dentro de una relación afectivo-sexual, independientemente de la configuración o duración de la relación o de si existe o no cohabitación entre las partes. En las relaciones homosexuales, la VP se invisibiliza de varias formas, a pesar de que se reconoce como una grave violación de los derechos humanos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los significados de VP para un grupo de hombres que se relacionan con hombres (HRH). Ocho HRH participaron de la investigación, seleccionados mediante la técnica de "bola de nieve", utilizada debido a la sensibilidad del tema, considerando los estigmas de ser HRH. Los datos se construyeron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y se sometieron a análisis temático. Como resultado se construyeron seis categorías: 1.ª) El armario; 2.º) Homofobia; 3.º) Racismo, poder y vulnerabilidad a la VP; 4.º) Sexualidad; 5.º) Infidelidad; 6.ª) HIV; que discuten la interseccionalidad de diferentes formas de opresión en la producción de VP entre HRH. Se concluye que la VP vivida por este grupo está influida por varios factores que involucran la interseccionalidad entre distintos marcadores sociales, como los estereotipos de masculinidad en relación con la hipersexualización y la infidelidad, la homofobia como factor directo de estrés minoritario, el racismo que jerarquiza cuerpos e invisibiliza en el imaginario social el afecto de los hombres negros y el estigma del HIV en el imaginario social.(AU)